From Evolution Theory of Organisms To Pan-Evolution Theory of Biosystems

Biosystem Science and Engineering (中文版)

In 20 century, positive philosophy and experimental science are developed to be system science and synthetic philosophy[1,3]. B Cannon and C Bernard discovered the system thoughts from physiology. System bioscience is founded by L.Von.Bertalanffy* at the aspects of theory biology and general system theory.

Biosystem science, or system bioscience, is investigated in the fields of structure, pattern of biosystems at the levels of molecule, cell, organ and population, especially the psychological and genetic information system[1,3], and will be used for the development of system medicine[2,9], bio-computer by both experimental analysis and system logic methodology.

The system biological engineering[4], is exploring of engineering technology of biosystems by using of system methodology, included the aspects of ecological, genetic, bionic and intelligence engineering, which will promote the development of transgenic organism, bioreactor, bio-computer, modernism of TCM and screen of natural medicine etc.

Classic genetics, molecular genetics and pattern genetics[5,10] are constructed of three periods of genetic science. Investigation of genetic blue map of organism, genomic program expression and structure evolution of genomes, will discovery the logic and theory of genetic modified organism and bionic artificial biosystems by psychological and genomic engineering technology.

Evolution of organisms – systematic evolution: From original cell to multi-cell organism, animal embryo is developing with structure of ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm, and stability structure of organs system. Cells of neuron, endocrine and immune are cross communicating through receptor, signal transduction molecules involved in gene regulation[2]. Development of organism – morphogenetic development: genomic expression program of cellular division and differentiation, the genetic fundamentals of bio-molecules synthesis and degradation, cell division, differentiation and apoptosis are the structure, function and evolution of genome. The patterns of behavior stimulation construct neuron network and plastic morphogenesis[5], which involved genes interaction of gene group and gene chain in program of genome. Organisms are self-replication, self-assemble and self-adaptation biosystems. The investigation of structure and pattern of genomes will be benefit for the study of technological economics and ethic sociology.

In 1960s, 20 century, biotechnology is defined as the engineering of biomedical artificial organs and microbial biochemical fermentation. In 1970s, Paul. D .Boyer and Walter Kohn discovery techniques of DNA recombination. In 1980s, there are inventions of concepts of artificial intelligence and bio-molecular chips. Therefore, the time of system biological engineering[1,4] is coming for genetic and bionic technology, and it will give us the possibility of bio-computer, ecological industrials, intelligence robots and system medicine[2,9] in near future.

System Biological Engineering[4], also means the Solar-Biologic-Electronic (SBE) technology in 1991[1], included: 1). Cell fertilization, microbial fermentation, industrial ecology etc. biochemical and ecological engineering; 2).Cell hybridization, gene recombination, transgenic bioreactor etc. embryo and genetic engineering; 3). Biosensor, enzyme, organelles, molecular element, DNA nanotechnology etc. biomedical and bionic engineering; 4). Genetic computation, artificial nerve network etc. bio-computation and intelligence engineering, etc.

In 21century, model of biological medicine is developed to be the model of social – psychological- biological medicine[2]. Model of experimental, dynamic industrials is developed to be the biological – chemical – physical industrials[4,10]. From the revolution of industry in England till the modernism industrial network, engineering of ecological city, industrial chain and products cycle is very important for the human being to live harmony with the nature. Biotechnological modernism of traditional medicine and agriculture will be a key point of economic increase.

System Bioscience, using of system methodology, to explore biosystems at molecule, cell, organ and population level. Cell is one unite of structure, function, development and evolution of organism. Every cell of one organism has the whole genome of the organism. Therefore, the research of stem cell and cell dynamics are the frontiers of life science. Genomic project, transgenesis, cloning of animal etc., give us the chance to understand genetic logic, genomic program of organism development.

By the view of system theory, Pattern Genetics[10,11] is investigated at the aspects of dynamic analysis of genes group, signal transduction network and proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of cytogenesis, and exploring of morphogenetic mechanism of cell lineages differentiation and cell lineages mapping. Pattern genetics is established for novel methodology and technology of bioscience by system analysis, it will be very useful for understanding of cancer, ageing, psychiatry, cardiovascular and heredity diseases at the aspects of pathogenesis and clinic medicine.

In 1994, Ben J. Zeng published the first article on the concept of Oviduct Bioreactor[6-8,10,11] and description of system strategy of vector construction for special expression of drug in white egg. Since 1998, many laboratories in companies and universities, such as Avigenics (USA) etc. communication with B. J. Zeng (SG of 1stICTA, 1996), set up projects on research and development of the Oviduct Bioreactor. However, there are staying many questions on the efficient, insertion, expression, stability and heredity of transgene. By using methodology of Pattern Genetics, there will be developing of novel technology for transgenics, modernism of traditional Chinese Medicine and agricultures.

1. B.J. Zeng, The structure of sciences and the future of China, Natural Information, No. 5, Oct. 1991.
2. B.J. Zeng, On the holographic model of human body (system medicine), 1st National Conference of Comparative Studies Traditional Chinese Medicine and West Medicine, Medicine and Philosophy, Guangzhou, April 1992.
3. B.J. Zeng, Structurity - the Pan-evolution theory, 93' Wuhan International Congress of Philosophy and Logic of Science, Wuhan University, Oct. 1993.
4. B.J. Zeng, On the concept of system biological engineering(system biotechnology), Communication on Transgenic Animals, June 1994 No. 6.
5. B.J. Zeng, The rhythems stability model of animal development, 94-Symposium for Yong Chinese Developmental Biologists, Beijing, China, Oct. 10-15, 1994
6. B.J. Zeng, Expression system of transgenic animals – transgene expression in egg (Goldegg plan) (system genetics), Communication on Transgenic Animals, Nov. 1994 No. 11.
7. B.J. Zeng, Transgenic avian used as oviduct bioreactor for pharmaceutical expression, Communication on Transgenic Animals, March 1995 No. 3.
8. B.J. Zeng, Transgenic avian used as oviduct bioreactor，International Exhibition and Symposium on Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries, Shanghai, China, July 15-20, 1995.
9. B.J. Zeng, From positive to synthetic medical science (system medicine, system psychology), Communication for Transgenic Animals, Nov. 1995 No.11.
10. B.J. Zeng，Self-organization and special expression of genes, 3rd National Symposiun & 1st International Conference on Transgenic Animals, Nov. 18-23, 1996.
*: (Maelzer DA. J Theor Biol. 1965 May;8(3):395-402.)
system/systematic psychology (Parry J.B. 1958/Edward B. Titchener 1929), systems ecology (Van Dyne GM.1966), systems physiology (Sagawa K.1973), system biomedicine (Kamada T.1992)/system medicine (Zeng BJ. 1992), systems biology (Zieglgansberger W, Tolle TR.1993).